Giuliano della rovere biography of martin

Head of say publicly Catholic Cathedral from 1503 to 1513

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Rovere Family

 

OVERVIEW

 

Emergence of the della Rovere Family

The election to the papacy of two members of the della Rovere family of Savona facilitated the family's rise to prominence.

 

Francesco della Rovere played a pivotal role through the promotion of his relatives after he became Pope Sixtus IV in 1471.  He awarded the office of cardinal to six family members, two of which replaced appointees who died while he was still pope.  One of these cardinal-nephews, Giuliano, was electedPope Julius II in 1503, and he, in turn, gave four more della Rovere relatives the red hat.

 

Emblem and Family Name

Because the name "Rovere" means "oak," the oak tree and its foliage were used as the principal motif on della Rovere coats of arms.  After Francesco della Rovere became pope, the papal insignia of crown and keys were added.  

 

Oak imagery was also used separately from the family crest.

 

Effect on Rome

The many ecclesiastic and private commissions by the della Rovere popes and their newly enriched relatives made a considerable contribution to the re-emergence of Rome as one of the great cities of Europe.

 

 

FRANCESCO DELLA ROVERE (SIXTUS IV)

 

Overview

Francesco della Rove

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Nicknamed “Il terrible” by his contemporaries and the “Warrior Pope” by historians, Julius II’s early sixteenth-century pontificate marked a notable political and militaristic expansion of the papacy. Born Giuliano della Rovere on December 5, 1443 in Albissola (in the Savona region), he was the nephew of the future Pope Sixtus IV, Francesco della Rovere. His uncle enabled the future Julius to study under the Franciscans in Perugia. When Sixtus became pope in 1471, he named his nephew bishop of Carpentras and soon thereafter cardinal of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome. Julius would also collect numerous benefices from other bishoprics and abbeys throughout Italy and France. From 1480–82, he served as papal legate to France, beginning a long and complex relationship with the French crown. He was instrumental in the election of Innocent VIII to the papal tiara in 1484, but fell out of favor upon the pope’s death in 1492, when as an aspiring cardinal he was passed over for the Borgia pope, Alexander VI (1492–1503).

Julius became an enemy of Alexander, with whom he had been in conflict within the curia prior to the latter’s elevation. He fled to France in 1494 to the court of the French king, Charles III. From there, he encouraged the French conquest of the papal territory of Naples